Nmap都能提供保证安全所需的知识水平和先发制人的思想
Ax _概述
Nmap是Network Mapper的缩写，是一种网络发现和安全审计工具。它以简单易记的标志着称，提供强大的扫描选项。Nmap被网络管理员广泛用于扫描
Nmap是hacker最常用的工具之一。它的易用性和清洁安装以及强大的扫描选项使其更受欢迎。
Bx _使用目的
- 打开端口和服务
- 发现服务及其版本
- 猜猜在目标机器上运行的操作系统
- 获取准确的数据包路由直到目标计算机
- 监控主机
Cx _使用方法
Cx_a-安装
Cx_axa_Windows安装
要安装Nmap，请从命令行或从PowerShell运行以下命令：
choco install nmap
更新
choco upgrade nmap
Cx_axb_Linux安装
wget http://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.01.tar.bz2
tar -xvf nmap-7.01.tar.bz2
./configure //root权限
//未安装gcc，安装gcc
yum install gcc
yum install g++
//安装nmap
make
make install
nmap -v
Cx_b-使用
a 说明书
Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
--exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
--script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
--data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
--data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
b 中文说明书
nmap [ <扫描类型> ...] [ <选项> ] { <扫描目标说明> }
#扫描技术
---
-sS TCP同步扫描（TCP SYN）
-ST TCP连接扫描
-sn 不进行端口扫描，只检查主机正在运行。该选项与老版本的-sP相同
-sU 扫描UDP端口
-sA TCP ack端口扫描
---
#主机发现
-Pn 只进行扫描，不ping主机
-sn 只有主机发现
-n 不进行DNS解析，加快扫描速度
-PS 使用SYN包对目标主机进行扫描。默认是80端口，也可以指定端口，格式为-PS22或-PS22-25,80,113,1050,35000，记住PS和端口号之间不要有空格
-PR 在本地网络上发现arp
-PU 使用udp ping扫描端口
---
#端口范围
-p<端口> 指定要扫描的端口，可以是一个单独的端口，也可以用逗号分隔开多
-P- 扫描所有端口
-F 快速端口扫描
---
#服务版本和操作系统检测
-O 激活对TCP/IP指纹特征（fingerprinting）的扫描，获得远程主机的标志，也就是操作系统类型
-A 主动扫描
-sV 探测服务版本信息
-V 显示扫描过程中的详细信息*
--
#时间和性能
-T0 偏执的IDS逃避
-T1 鬼鬼祟祟的IDS逃避
-T2 礼貌的IDS逃避
-T3 正常的IDS逃避
-T4 积极的速度扫描
-T5 疯狂的速度扫描 这翻译有点问题。。不过可以看懂，就是越来越快
---
#NSE脚本
-sC 默认脚本扫描
-script横幅 横幅抓住
---
#IDS逃避
-F 使用分段的IP数据包
-D 诱饵扫描
-G 使用给定的源端口号
---
#其它
-e 使用哪个网卡
-S<IP> 设置扫描的源IP地址
-g port 设置扫描的源端口
-oN 把扫描的结果重定向到文件中
-iL filename 从文件中读取扫描的目标一个端口，或者使用“-”表示端口范围
-exclude 排除指定主机
-excludefile 排除指定文件中的主机
Dx_d常用命令
a 探测主机存活
进行Ping扫描
& nmap -sP 10.0.3.0/24
进行Ping扫描，不扫描端口
& nmap -sn 10.0.1.144-146
- 全面进攻性扫描（包括各种主机发现、端口扫描、版本扫描、OS扫描及默认脚本扫描）:
nmap -A -v target_ip - Ping扫描:
nmap -sn -v target_ip - 快速端口扫描:
nmap -F -v target_ip - 版本扫描:
nmap -sV -v target_ip - 操作系统扫描:
nmap -O -v target_ip
b 扫描文件中的IP
$ nmap -iL ip-address.txt
c 格式文件输出
$ nmap -sV -p 139,445 -oG grep-output.txt 10.0.1.0/24
$ nmap -sS -sV -T5 10.0.1.99 --webxml -oX -| xsltproc --output file.html
d 扫描局域网内所有的IP
nmap 0.0.0.0/24
e 范围扫描
nmap -sn 10.0.0.1-10 #<=可以使用这种地进范围进行扫描。
nmap -v -p 1-65535
Dx_ 参考
[1] https://dmcxblue.net/2018/06/20/web-vulnerability/
[2] http://www.nmap.com.cn/doc/manual.shtm
